The Cost of Writing DNA

Data Sources

• DNA Cost and Productivity Data ("Carlson Curves")

  Rob Carlson, Synthesis.cc — October 2022
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• Twist Bioscience S-1 Filing (SEC)

  Twist Bioscience — September 2018
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• GenScript Gene Synthesis Promotional Pricing

  GenScript Corporation — November 2022
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• Benchtop DNA Synthesis Devices: Capabilities, Biosecurity Implications, Governance

  Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) — May 2023
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• Twist Bioscience Genes Product Pricing

  Twist Bioscience — 2025
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• The Pace and Proliferation of Biological Technologies

  Robert Carlson — Biosecurity and Bioterrorism, 2003
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• The Changing Economics of DNA Synthesis

  Robert Carlson — Nature Biotechnology, 2009
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• Biology Is Technology: The Promise, Peril, and New Business of Engineering Life

  Robert Carlson — Harvard University Press, 2011
  View Book →